In Jordan, treated wastewater is now used to irrigate agricultural areas, she noted. In Egypt, efforts are under way to build wave breakers to preserve wetlands and coastal installations from seawater intrusion. Lebanon is developing hill lakes to conserve and store water for irrigation. “Adaptation is essential for the survival of future generations under changing climate,” Mercogliano said. With the warming of Earth already well under way, costly adaption measures will be necessary. The agricultural sector, which provides the most jobs in the Middle East and North Africa, could be devastated with water availability declining by as much as 45 percent.įood production is expected to suffer severely as a result with about one-third of the arable land scorched by extreme heat.
Water scarcity will also be a financial burden with estimates suggesting MENA will suffer the most of any region around the world, costing governments 7-14 percent of their gross domestic product by 2050. “Therefore, the threat to water supplies in the region with temperatures rising is very much serious.” “Societal impacts may be relatively large … Moreover, the human population of the MENA region is projected to peak around the year 2065,” Mercogliano told Al Jazeera. Increasing water shortages have already been blamed for igniting regional conflicts, and some researchers fear that fighting over scarce resources will intensify throughout the Middle East and North Africa as the world heats up further. “The potential intensification of heatwaves in the already harsh, hot and arid MENA environment is expected to have direct negative impacts on human health, agriculture, the water and energy nexus, and many other socioeconomic sectors,” said Paola Mercogliano, CMCC Foundation’s director of hydrogeological impacts. Aid groups described the situation as an “ unprecedented catastrophe”. Syria is currently facing its worst drought in 70 years. More than 12 million people in Syria and Iraq are losing access to water, food and electricity because of rising temperatures, record low levels of rainfall, and drought, which are depriving people across the region of drinking and agricultural water. As the climate warms further, the social and economic fallout will be intense. “Cities will feel an increasing heat island effect and most capital cities in the Middle East could face four months of exceedingly hot days every year,” according to the World Bank.Ībout 70 percent of the world’s most water-stressed countries are in MENA. Major urban centres around the Gulf, Arabian Sea, and Red Sea – such as Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Doha, Dhahran, and Bandar Abbas – would all see severe temperatures on a more frequent basis. “Heat stress during summers will reach or exceed the thresholds of human survivability, at least in some parts of the region and for the warmest months,” said Zittis. George Zittis, lead author of the study, told Al Jazeera higher humidity from increased evaporation of the surrounding seas will increase the danger. “We anticipate that the maximum temperature during … heatwaves in some urban centres and megacities in the MENA could reach or even exceed 60 ☌, which would be tremendously disruptive for society,” the scientists wrote. Lasting weeks or even months, the scorching heat would be “potentially life-threatening for humans”, it said. The repercussions throughout the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region would be devastating including chronic water shortages, the inability to grow food because of extreme weather and resulting drought, and a surge in heat-related deaths and health problems.īy 2100 about 600 million inhabitants, or 50 percent of the population of the region, may be exposed to “super-extreme” weather events if current greenhouse gas projections hold, one recent study in the journal Nature noted. The Middle East and North Africa is already the hottest and driest region on the planet but climate change could make some areas uninhabitable in the coming decades with temperatures potentially reaching 60 degrees Celsius or higher.
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